388–Roman Emperor, Magnus Maximus, dies.
430–Saint Augustine dies in Hippo Regius (present-day Annaba, Algeria). He is best known for his work Confessiones (The Confessions) and De civitate Dei (The City of God).
475–Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his capital city of Ravenna.
489–Theodoric, King of the Ostrogoths, defeats Odoacer at the Battle of Isonzo, forcing his way into Italy.
663–Silla-Tang armies crush the Baekje restoration attempt and force Yamato Japan to withdraw from Korea in the Battle of Baekgang.
1023–Emperor Go-Reizei of Japan is born.
1189–During the Third Crusade, the Crusaders begin the Siege of Acre, under Guy of Lusignan.
1481–Afonso V of Portugal dies in a monastery in Lisbon, Portugal, at age 49.
1521–The Ottoman Turks occupy Belgrade.
1524–The Kaqchikel Maya rebel against their former Spanish allies during the Spanish conquest of Guatemala.
1542–In the Battle of Wofla, the Portuguese are scattered, and their leader, Christovão da Gama, is captured and later executed.
1565–The first permanent European settlement in what will become the United States is made in northern Florida, and named for St. Augustine on this year’s “St. Augustine's Day.”
1582–Emperor Taichang of China is born.
1609–Henry Hudson discovers Delaware Bay.
1619–Ferdinand II is elected Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
1648–During the English Civil War, the Siege of Colchester ends when Royalists Forces surrender to the Parliamentary Forces after 11 weeks.
1709–Meidingnu Pamheiba is crowned King of Manipur.
1714–Duke Anthony Ulrich of Brunswick is born.
1749–Writer and statesman, J.W. Goethe, is born Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in Frankfurt-am-Main, Holy Roman Empire. He was an early participant in the Sturm und Drang literary movement. This was literally "Storm and Drive" or "Storm and Urge," though conventionally translated as "Storm and Stress"), a proto-Romantic movement in German literature and music taking place from the late 1760s to the early 1780s, in which individual subjectivity and extremes of emotion were given free expression in reaction to the perceived constraints of rationalism imposed by the Enlightenment and associated aesthetic movements.
1770–Philosopher, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, is born in Stuttgart, Germany.
1774–Nun and Saint, Elizabeth Ann Seton, is born. She was the co-founder of the Sisters of Charity Federation in the Vincentian-Setonian Tradition.
1784–Priest and missionary, Junípero Serra, dies.
1789–William Herschel discovers a new moon of Saturn: it is named Enceladus.
1798–The first American vineyard begins operation in Lexington, Kentucky.
1811–English poet, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and Harriet Westbrook elope.
1818–Fur trader, Jean Baptiste Point du Sable, dies. He founded the city of Chicago, Illinois.
1827–Grand Duchess Catherine Mikhailovna of Russia is born.
1828–Novelist, Count Leo Tolstoy, is born in Yasnaya Polyana, in the Tula province of Russia. After leaving the army he went to France, Switzerland, and Germany, writing short stories about his travels. Back at his estate he started a school for peasant children, then returned to Europe and published magazines and books praised for their practical views on schooling. At 34, he married a well-educated girl to whom he seemed devoted and they had 13 children. Setting his interest in education aside, he spent the next six years writing War and Peace, an epic tale that follows five Russian families during Napoleon's invasion of Russia. His other masterpiece is Anna Karenina.
1830–The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad's new Tom Thumb steam locomotive races a horse-drawn car, presaging steam's role in U.S. railroads.
1831–Lucy Webb Hayes, wife of President Rutherford B. Hayes, is born. She was the 20th First Lady of the United States.
1833–The Slavery Abolition Act receives Royal Assent, abolishing slavery through most the British Empire.
1845–The first issue of Scientific American magazine is published.
1849–After a month-long siege, Venice, which had declared itself independent as the Republic of San Marco, surrenders to Austria.
1859–The Carrington event disrupts electrical telegraph services and causes aurora to shine so brightly that they are seen clearly over the Earth's middle latitudes.
1861–During the American Civil War, Union forces attack Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, in the Battle of Hatteras Inlet Batteries, which lasts for two days.
1859–Critic, essayist, poet, and writer, Leigh Hunt, dies in Putney, London, England, at age 74. He was originator of the intellectual genre of the magazine and champion of the Romantic poets.
1861–Journalist and politician, William Lyon Mackenzie, dies from an apoplectic seizure in Toronto, Canada West, British Empire, at age 66. He was the first Mayor of Toronto, Canada.
1862–In the American Civil War, the Second Battle of Bull Run (also known as the Battle of Second Manassas) takes place.
1867–The United States takes possession of the Midway Atoll.
1879–Cetshwayo, last King of the Zulus, is captured by the British.
1897–Oscar Wilde, out of prison for three months, has a rendezvous with his beloved Bosie (Lord Alfred Douglas) in Rouen, Normandy.
1898–Caleb Bradham invents the carbonated soft drink that will later be called Pepsi-Cola.
1899–Actor, Charles Boyer, is born in France.
1901–Silliman University is founded in the Philippines. It is the first American private school in the country.
1903–Journalist and architect, Frederick Law Olmsted, dies. He co-designed Central Park in New York City.
1904–Keansburg Amusement Park opens on the Jersey Shore. Park attractions include rides, games, go-carts, a fishing pier, and boardwalk food.
1907–The origin of United Parcel Service is established with $100 capital by 19-year-old Jim Casey in Seattle, Washington. By the 1920s, the company had grown large enough to expand to Oakland and Los Angeles, California. Today, United Parcel Service operates an international small package and document network in more than 200 countries and territories, spanning both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, reaching over four billion people.
1913–Queen Wilhelmina opens the Peace Palace in The Hague.
1913–Novelist, playwright, essayist, and short story writer, Robertson Davies, is born in Thamesville, Ontario, Canada. He is best known for his trilogies: The Deptford Trilogy, The Cornish Trilogy, and The Salterton Trilogy.
1916–Germany declares war on Romania and Italy declares war on Germany.
1917–Ten Suffragettes are arrested while picketing the White House in Washington, D.C.
1921–Actress, Nancy Kulp, is born. She is best known for the role of Jane Hathaway on the TV series The Beverly Hillbillies.
1924–The Georgian opposition stages the August Uprising against the Soviet Union.
1925–Dancer, singer, and actor, Donald O'Connor, is born Donald David Dixon Ronald O’Connor in Chicago, Illinois.
1929–Actress, Roxie (Albertha) Roker, is born in Miami, Florida. She is best known for the role of Helen Willis on the sitcom The Jeffersons, half of the first interracial couple to be shown on regular prime time television. She was cast on the TV shows Kojak, Fantasy Island, Cagney & Lacey, The Love Boat, 227, and A Different World. She appeared in the films Claudine and the mini-series Roots. Her son is rock singer, Lenny Kravitz. TV personality, Al Roker, is her cousin.
1930–Actor, Ben Gazzara, is born.
1931–France and the Soviet Union sign a treaty of non-aggression.
1937–Toyota Motors becomes an independent company.
1942–Sterling Morrison, of The Velvet Underground, is born.
1943–During World War II, a general strike against the Nazi occupation starts in Denmark.
1943–Actor, David Soul, is born. He is best known for his role on the TV police series Starsky and Hutch.
1943–Boris III of Bulgaria dies of heart failure due to poisoning in Sofia, Kingdom of Bulgaria, at age 49.
1948–Danny Seraphine, drummer for Chicago, is born.
1951–Wayne Osmond, of The Osmond Brothers, is born.
1953–Nippon Television broadcasts Japan's first television show, including its first TV advertisement.
1955–Black teenager, Emmett Till, is brutally murdered in Mississippi, galvanizing the nascent American Civil Rights Movement.
1957–Senator Strom Thurmond begins a filibuster to prevent the U.S. Senate from voting on the Civil Rights Act of 1957. He stopped speaking 24 hours and 18 minutes later, the longest filibuster ever conducted by a single Senator.
1957–Politician, Ivo Josipovic, is born. He was the third President of Croatia.
1957–Actor, Rick Rossovich, is born.
1957–Actor, Daniel Stern, is born.
1958–Figure skater, Scott Hamilton, is born.
1960–Actress, Emma Samms, is born in England.
1961–Motown releases Please Mr. Postman by The Marvelettes. It will become the label’s first #1 song.
1963–Two hundred thousand people participate in a peaceful civil rights rally in Washington D.C., where the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. delivers his “I Have a Dream” speech in front of the Lincoln Memorial. Peter, Paul & Mary perform Blowin’ in the Wind.
1963–The Evergreen Point Bridge, the longest floating bridge in the world, opens between Seattle and Medina, Washington.
1963–Emily Hoffert and Janice Wylie are murdered in their apartment in Manhattan, New York, prompting the events that would lead to the passing of the Miranda Rights.
1963–The Beatles continue filming for a documentary being made to explore the “Mersey Beat” boom. They are filmed in a dressing room, with shots of them applying stage make-up, and then walking around backstage with their guitars, as if preparing for a live performance.
1963–The first recording session for Cilla Black takes place at EMI Studios.
1964–A race riot begins in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
1964–The Beatles, on tour in America, perform at Forest Hills Tennis Stadium, Forest Hills, New York. There was one show in front of 16,000 fans. Following the concert, The Beatles meet Bob Dylan for the first time at the Delmonico Hotel in New York City. He introduces the Fab Four to marijuana.
1965–A chart topper: California Girls by The Beach Boys.
1965–Resuming their North American tour after a five-day break, The Beatles perform one concert at Balboa Stadium in San Diego, California.
1965–Country singer, Shania Twain, is born in Canada.
1966–Nearing the end of their final tour of America, The Beatles perform one show at Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles, California, before a wild crowd of 45,000. The Beatles’ attempt to escape from the stadium in an armored truck is thwarted when the main gate is found to be locked, and they spend a miserable two hours in the back of the truck. It was incidents such as this that led to their decision that this would be their last tour.
1968–Police and anti-war demonstrators clash as riots erupt in the streets of Chicago, Illinois, as the Democratic National Convention nominates Hubert H. Humphrey for President.
1968–The Doors single, Hello, I Love You, sells a million copies. Critics are unhappy that the song does not have the “sinister” qualities of the band’s first million seller, Light My Fire, and accuse the group of “selling out” into more of a mainstream rock sound.
1968–Actor and musician, Billy Boyd, is born in Glasgow, Scotland. He is best known for the roles of Peregrin "Pippin" Took in The Lord of the Rings, and Barret Bonden in Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World.
1969–Actor, Jack Black, is born.
1969–Mary McCartney, Paul and Linda McCartney’s first child, is born.
1969–Actor, Jason Priestley, is born.
1971–A chart topper: Signs by Five Man Electrical Band.
1973–Deep Purple's Smoke on the Water goes Gold.
1976–Child actress, Anissa Jones, dies of a drug overdose in Oceanside, California, at age 18. She is best known for the role of Buffy on the sitcom Family Affair. She appeared in the films The Trouble with Girls and To Rome With Love.
1978–Actor, Robert Shaw, dies.
1979–An IRA bomb explodes at the Grote Markt in Brussels, Belgium.
1981–National Center for Disease Control announces that there is a high incidence of Pneumocystis and Kaposi’s Sarcoma in gay men. This would lead to the later discovery of the AIDS virus.
1982–Country singer, LeAnn Rimes, is born.
1984–Politician, Muhammad Naguib, dies. He was the first President of Egypt.
1985–Actress, Ruth Gordon, dies.
1986–Florence Welch, of Florence and the Machine, is born in England.
1987–Film director, John Huston, dies of emphysema in Middletown, Rhode Island, at age 81. His films include The Maltese Falcon, The Treasure of the Sierra Madre, Key Largo, The Asphalt Jungle, The Red Badge of Courage, The African Queen, Beat the Devil, Heaven Knows, Mrs. Allison, The Misfits, The List of Andrian Messenger, The Night of the Iguana, The Bible, Reflections in a Golden Eye, Casino Royale, Fat City, The Life and Times of Judge Roy Bean, The Man Who Would Be King, Annie, Under the Volcano, and Prizzi’s Honor.
1988–The 40th Annual Primetime Emmy Awards announces its winners. Best Dramatic Series: thirtysomething; Best Comedy Series: The Wonder Years; Best Musical or Variety Series: Irving Berlin's 100th Birthday Celebration; Best Mini-Series: The Murder of Mary Phagan; Best Actor: Richard Kiley; Best Actress: Tyne Daly; Best Comedy Actor: Michael J. Fox; Best Comedy Actress: Bea Arthur. The ceremonies are held at the Pasadena Civic Auditorium, Pasadena, California. The host is John Forsythe. Cable stations HBO and Showtime received their first major nominations at this ceremony.
1988–During the Ramstein air show at the U.S. Ramstein Air Base near the city of Kaiserslautern, West Germany, three aircraft of the Frecce Tricolori demonstration team collide and the wreckage falls into the crowd. Seventy-five people are killed and 346 others are seriously injured.
1988–Author and screenwriter, Max Shulman, dies.
1989–Singer, Cassadee (Blake) Pope, is born in West Palm Beach, Florida. She won the third season of singing competition series The Voice, as the first female singer to win on the popular show.
1990–Iraq declares Kuwait to be its newest province.
1990–A tornado strikes the Illinois cities of Plainfield and Joliet, killing 29 people.
1996–Britain’s Prince Charles and Princess Diana are divorced.
1998–Pakistan's National Assembly passes a constitutional amendment to make the "Qur’an and Sunnah" the "supreme law," but the bill is defeated in the Senate.
1999–Prince Nikolai of Denmark is born.
2003–An electricity blackout cuts off power to around 500,000 people living in southeast England, and brings 60% of London's underground rail network to a halt.
2007–Entrepreneur, Arthur Jones, dies. He founded Nautilus, Inc.
2007–Businessman, Hilly Kristal, dies. He founded CBGB.
2007–Actress, Miyoshi Umeki, dies of cancer complications in Licking, Missouri, at age 78. She is best known for the roles of Katsumi in the film Sayonara; Mei Li in the Broadway musical and film Flower Drum Song; and Mrs. Livingston on the TV series The Courtship of Eddie's Father.
2014–Glenn Cornick, bass player for Jethro Tull, dies.
2016–Singer, Juan Gabriel, dies of a heart attack while on tour in Santa Monica, California, at age 66. Called El Divo de Juárez, Gabriel was known for his flamboyant style and broke barriers within the Latin music market.
2016–Professional wrestler, Mr. Fuji, dies in Dandridge, Tennessee, at age 82. Fuji retired from wrestling in 1985, and became a heel manager. As a manager, Fuji would "blind" his opponents by throwing salt in their eyes, or he or his wrestler(s) would hit their opponent with his ever present cane. He wore a black tuxedo and bowler hat, akin to the James Bond series character, Oddjob.
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1963–Two hundred thousand people participate in a peaceful civil rights rally in Washington D.C., where the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. delivers his “I Have a Dream” speech in front of the Lincoln Memorial. Peter, Paul & Mary perform Blowin’ in the Wind.
